lace edge
[from appearance] n. a style of plaiting narrow strips of STRAW together tightly, forming large double hoops on the edge (Bannister display). (Gen.) ...
lady fingers
[DJE idem; OED different sp.] n. a long, slender variety of chili pepper (Capsicum sp.). (Adelaide) ...
lala
/lála/ [etym. uncertain, but cf. LOLLY idem] n. vagina (child's word). (Black) ...
lamb conch
n. a variety of conch (Strombus sp.): 1928 (Curry 107). (Gen) ...
lamp-lighter
(Gen.); lamp-a-lighter (Black) [cf. DJE lamp-outer idem] n. the firefly. ...
lan
[from lance, construed as plural] n. lance: 1895 De man take 'e lan' [lance] (Edwards 73). ...
land
/lan/ [etym?] n. a large foot: You wearin' lan' [i.e. your feet are big] (Eleu.). Boy, go put shoes on them land you got there ...
lander
[etym?] n. a bump on the head. (Rum Cay, San Sal) ...
land-paper
[cf. DJE birth-paper birth certificate] n. a deed; a title (to land): We don't have to take land papers; Father Allen don't sell fish too ...
land somebody off
[ cf. OED land to set on shore, to set down from a vehicle; cf. Brit. dial. North, Scots land to reach home EDDI v. ...
Language
Bahamian terms referring to language suggest that Bahamians had a very accurate perception of the linguistic realities of their country long before linguists started trying ...
lap
[US Black idem (Faucet 1927:261); cf. US dial, lap from obs, lop, the loppings of a tree ... a treetop left on the ground after ...
lapli
/laplíy/ [Haitian from Fr. la pluie the rain] n. rain (used with Haitians). (Eleu.) ...
lart
/laht/, lartin, /láhtin/ [cf. OED lath idem] n. stick or sticks used as a foundation for THATCH in making a roof; De house was t'atch. . ...
larzhan
/lahzhán/ [Haitian from Fr. l'argent the money] n. money (used with Haitians). (Exuma) ...
last
/las/ [cf. DJE las' y last or youngest child;Krio las sista youngest sister KED] adj. youngest (in a family): my las' sister (Nassau). (Gen.) ...
last: I give you last
[cf. Car. last lick, DJE Krio gi las KED, both idem; cf. Brit. dial. North last bat poison, West last touch, idem EDD, also cf. ...
last-last
/lás las/ [Atlantic; by reduplication of last; cf. Mandinka lábang-labango the very end (Rowlands 1969b:158)] adj. the very last. (Black) ...
last name
["A person's surname is referred to as his . . . first name because he was born with it" (Otterbein 1966:117)] n. Christian or given ...
last of all
[OED, (at) the very last] adv. phr. finally: 1925 Each one want the other to begin. Last of all they get to fuss (Finlay 293). ...
lated
[Car.; Gul. idem (Writers' Program 1940:31); OED, belated poetical; Brit. dial. North idem EDD] adj.
1. late; behind time: 1936 Well, dey havin' wun champain ...
latrin
/látrin/
[cf. OED latron obs. Scots variant of latrine] n. a privy, (Exuma) ...
latrope
[from heliotrope?]
n. the small-leaf wild fig, Ficus perforata. (Adelaide) ...
lau
/law/ [etym. uncertain, but cf. Sp. bacalao /bakáláw/ codfish, or various locally important food fishes
W3] n. a long fish (sp?) resembling
the barracuda. (Andros, San Sal.) ...
laughing bird
(San Sal.); laughing pinder (Andros); laughy (Black) [cf. Irel. laughing
gull the herring gull EDD; cf. OED laughing
in the names of animals, so called from their ...
law:
more than the law allow [cf. OED law custom; customary rule or usage obs.-1535] phr. more than proper or customary: 1936 More bell ringin' an' ...
lawful
[cf. Krio loful pikin
legitimate child KED; OED, of offspring: born in lawful wedlock, e.g.
"lawful issue"] adj. (of
children) legitimate: I'm the lawful one!
(Eleu.), (Black) ...
lawless
[Car.;
OED, unbridled; cf. also OED law
correctness of conduct obs.→1440] adj.
crude; lacking a sense of decorum: A
lawless laugh (San Sal.). (Black) ...
lay-back
[cf.
US slang lay to have coitus with
someone DAS] adj. pregnant: 1980
(Dorsett 4). Her and Annie, all two of
them lay-back the same time (Nassau). ...
lay off
[OED, to take a rest, dial.
and US] v.i. 1. to lie back and
relax: 1918 He laid off jus' de same as
if he was dead (Parsons ...
lay on your chest
or stomach [Trin.
idem (Winer p.c.); cf. OED lie on the stomach of food: to be felt as
oppressive obs.→1711; cf. Brit., US
dial. lay lie] v. phr. ...
lazy tree
[OED lazy applied
to things, places, or conditions favourable or appropriate to laziness] n. a large shade tree with a bench for
resting and conversing. cf. GABBY-BENCH, ...
leaf
[W Car.; cf.
Réunion Cr. Fr. fey koko (lit. leaf coconut) idem (Chaudenson 1974:212)] n. palm frond: 1966 Take a couple of coconut
leaves (Crowley 109). 1977 ...
leaf-of-life
[Car. idem "any leaf of which,
dropped on the ground,
sprouts a new plant at each indentation
in its edge (this probably explains the origin of the name, ...
leakening
[stem from
present participle leakin' +
-ing; cf. OED leak v.t. to let (water etc.) in or out through a
leak] v. leaking: It leakening water (Exuma).
(Black) ...
lean up
[by analogy to lean down] v. phr. to stop leaning; to stand up. (Nassau) ...
learn
/loyn/ [Car.; cf. Brit., US dial, learn to teach "now vulgar" OED; cf. Scots leir (and cognate German lehren) idem CSD) v. to teach: 1880 ...
learn to know
[ probably a blending of learn and get to know, but cf. German kennenlernen (lit. learn to know)
idem, possibly with Brit. dial. cognates] v.
phr. to ...
leather-winged bat
[cf. Bajan leather bat (Collymore 16), Jam, leather-wing
idem OED, US dial. South leather-winged bat WSC, all Brit. dial. North, West EDD] n. the bat (the ...
leave
[cf. LEFF leave,
by hypercorrection] v. left (over):
1966 There's one more hand [of bananas] leave (Crowley 53). Ain't nothing leave (ibid 113). (Black)
leave away [from a
blending ...
leave-over
[W Car.; by hypercorrection of LEFF leave] n.
1. left-savers, food. (Eleu)
2. an inherited wardrobe: leave-over clothes (Eleu).
cf. BANG-BANG ...
Leekie
[etym.
uncertain, but cf. DHS Leek Welshman, and Scots leeky of
the hair: much in need of curling tongs CSD] n. a Chinese person (slang). cf. WONG
(Nassau, ...
leetle
/liytal/,
lee /liy/ [cf. Belize lii little (Dayley); leetle in
Gul. (Gonzales 1922:310), US Black (Parsons 1917b:224); cf. OED leetle a
jocular imitation of a hesitating or deliberately ...
leff, lef, left
/lef/ [Atlantic; cf. Brit. dial.
West lef leave EDD] v, to leave: 1918 Stay here an' bury yourself in de san' an' jus' lef out one ...
le' go
/legow/ [Atlantic; cf. colloq. Brit.
leggo idem
but also São Tomé Port. Cr. lε 'ga idem
(cf. Port. largar (Ivens Ferraz 1979:55), Haitian lage idem HCEFD, and Pap. ...
le's
[W
Car.; US Black idem ESEA; Labov (1972: 114 ff.) notes a similar assimilation of /t/ in US Black i's it's, da's that's, wha's what's (all ...
less'n, lessen
conj. 1.
[cf. OED less than unless obs. →1772;
US dial. idem ADD] unless: 1969 It ain't gon grow lessen he bud it wid a good healty ...
let
[probably
a hypercorrection of make let; cf. SA let to cause to do, to make: translation of Afrikaans laat idem (but cf. Dutch laten let [only])] ...
letter-opener
[from shape] n. an eel-like fish, Ophidion nocornis: 1968
(Böhlke 168). (San Sal) ...
libary
[also
US dial. ADD, US Black ESEA] n. library: [sign in Hatchet Bay, Eleuthera] LIBARY.
(Black) ...
lice plant
[cf.
OED lice-bane, obs. →1755] n. a vine
(sp?) with a purplish flower. cf. LICE ROOT (Eleu.) ...
lice root
[cf. LICE PLANT] n. a woody vine, Rhabdadenia sagraei: 1920 (Britton 337).
...
lick
[Car.; also But, dial. EDD] n. a blow. (Gen.) —v. 1. to strike: 1966 He grab one piece of crab sticks. . . All about he ...
lickerish
[Car. greedy'; OED, fond of delicious fare] adj. (of infants) inclined to taste everything. (Nassau) ...
lick spittle
[ cf. 1811 DVT idem 'talebearer'] v. phr. to gossip: She always lickin' spittle (Inagua). (Black) ...
lick-um-down
[cf. LICK v. 1, UM] n. (in wrestling) throwing one's opponent or knocking him down by any means available: 1940 [to wrestlers] No prapra, no ...
licorice vine, liquorice vine
/likrish, likwish, likrid/ n. 1. [Car. idem DJE] a vine, Abrus precatorius, having red seeds with black spots. = BEAD VINE, BLACK-EYED SUSAN, MACKABEE, RED-EYE SUZY, ...
lie
[ cf. Gul. lie, Sra. lay tori tale, riddle (Dillard 1977:141; cf. also DJE nine-night lie idem and Réunion Cr. Fr. zistwa:r mãte:r idem (Chaudenson ...
life-leaf
[cf. LEAF-OF-LIFE ideM] n. a plant, Bryophyllum pinnatum: 1956 (Higgs 10). I boil the life-leaf. . . give him two draught of that or three, cough ...
lift, lift up
/lif op/ v.i. 1. [Car.] to get up and leave; to move on. (Black)
2. (of airplanes) to lake off: The plane lif' yet? ...
lift wing
/lif wing/ v. phr. (of birds) to flap the wings to take off or, while flying, to raise the wings to brake and land. (Andros, ...
ligdum vitae, ligdel vitae
(Mayag.); liglum vitae (Inagua) n. the lignum vitae tree, Guiacurn officinale. = BUCKLY WHITEY, NIGLUM VITAE ...
light
1. v. [DJE idem; OED idem obs. →1596] (of day) to become light: 1918 Jus' as day light in de morning, dey went (Parsons 137). (Gen.) ...
light bread
[US dial. South idem, common wheat or loaf bread as opposed to bread cornbread WEA; cf. LIGHT 2] n. bread leavened with yeast as opposed ...
light bulf
[W Car. idem, where Miskito /f, p/ alternation may have influenced light bulb after devoicing of final consonant to bulp (cf. M. selp, self, both ...
lighter
n. 1. [cf. OED, a flat-bottomed boat or barge for (un)loading ships that cannot dock; see quot.] a teenage boy who is shy of girls: ...
lightning strikes
[US dial. South idem; from strike v.] n. pl. bolts of lightning. (Black) ...
light-skin
[Car.] adj. having a light-brown complexion. (Gen.) ...
light up
[cf. W3 lit up drunk slang] adj. intoxicated: He light right up (Exuma). ...
lightwood
[US dial. idem, very resinous pine or other wood used for kindling ADD, from its use in lighting fires] n. 1. a tree, Lasciocroton macrophyllus: 1910 ...
lignum aloes
[OED idem, aloes (wood)] n. a shrub (sp?): 1731 The wood is of a very dark brown color . . in smell and appearance resembling ...
like
conj. [cf. Car. same like same as DJE] as (with comparisons): 1936 Now dey don' have t' sen' no monument big like dat t' de ...
like
v. [also US colloq. (used by adolescents)] to be sexually attracted to (someone): All the boys was my cousin-dem and you couldn't like your own ...
liken, liking
[cf, LIKE V. and OED liken to be assigned by repute as a lover obs, ±1575] v. to court: When we was young, anybody who ...
like peas
[Trim idem (Winer)] phr. in abundance: He get licks like peas (Nassau). ...
lily
[Atlantic; "iteration of Ii, a reduced form of little" DJE; cf. LEE] adj. little: 1925 Look how dar lily boy do yer (Finlay 293). (Black) ...
lily tree
[from the appearance of its flowers] n, the maguey plant, Agave americana. = FLOWERING ALOE, SPIKED ALOE (Black) ...
limber
/limba/ v. I. [Car. idem; OED, supple, lithe] to bend over. (Black)
2. [W3 idem "usually with up"] to relax one's muscles. (Mem)
—n. [cf. LIMBER Y. ...
limberting
[probably from limber adj. + thing]
n. a shrub (sp?) used medicinally. = GLOVE BUSH (Andros) ...
limber up
[cf. Brit. dial. North, Mid lamper to walk heavily EDD] v. phr. to walk with a limp.
(Andros, ...
Limburger vine
[cf. OEDS II Limburger a strong- smelling cheese; from its odor? ] n. a plant, Morinda roic: 1977 (Patterson 121). cf. WILD MULBERRY (Inagua) ...
lime conch
[etym?] n. a variety of conch (Strombus sp.). (Black) ...
limit: make the limit
[cf. speed limit] v. phr. to drive a vehicle at the maximum legal speed. (Exuma) ...
limpy up
[cf. LIMBER UP, limp] adj. crippled: 1966 He start to go home now. All limpy up and bleeding (Crowley 55). (Black) ...
line
[Gul. idem (Turner 1949:267); OED, a circle of the terrestrial sphere; probably from nautical usage] n. the island or place in question, as in UP ...
line: when the sun cross the line
[cf. OED line a circle of the terrestrial sphere . .. the equinoctial line, the equator; probably from nautical usage; cf. US dial, line storm ...
lined seahorse
[from its markings?] n. a variety of seahorse, Hippocampus erectus: 1968 (Böhlke 183). cf. LION SEA-HORSE (San ...
line edge
n. a style of plaiting STRAW1 together, leavings flattened edge of folds (Bannister display). (Inagua) ...
line off
v. phr. I. [cf. US dial. South line out idem WES; cf. also Scots liner-out one who prefers the reading of a psalm line by ...
ling
[from RING idem by /l, r/ alternation: cf. DJE lxi and US Black brack black (Bullock 1898: ...
lingy
/linggi/ [cf. Sanskrit linga(m) idem, conceivably brought from India by the British army like CHATTY] n. penis ...
link vine,
link weed n. a climbing plant, Vanilla articulate: 1910 (Northrop 148). = WORMWOOD (San Sal.) ...
lion
cf. DJE lion a "blood" about town, a "hot boy"; beyond its association with virility and strength, ...
lion lizard
[OED idem, the basilisk (different sp.), from the comparison of its crest to a lion's mane] n. a lizard, Ameiva auberi. = BLUE TAILED LIZARD, ...
lion seahorse
[from the mane-like growths around its head] n. a variety of seahorse (sp?). cf.
LINED SEAHORSE (Nassau, Mayag.) ...
lion tongue
[cf. DJE idem "the Sansevieria, from the shape of the leaf" ] n. a plant (sp?). cf. WILD EDDY, SILK MANELLA (Andros, Adelaide) ...
lipton tea
[from the brand name] n. commercially sold black tea, especially in bags, as opposed to BUSH TEA: She say she go draw some lipton tea ...
little
[cf. OED little few, with plurals and collective singulars obs. →1660] adj. few (with plurals): Very little gardens are being kept (Nassau). (Black) ...
Little Red Men
[cf. RED of European complexion] n. mythical creatures said to inhabit the island of Andros: 1966 The ...
little small
[also US Black (Keiser 1969:56), Brit. colloq.; cf. US great big ADD] adj. very small: They don't want no little small banana to eat (Nassau). ...
little sour
[cf. SOUR; by opposition to BIG SOUR bitter-sweet orange] n. the lime. (San Sal.) ...
live by olden-days time
phr. to follow old customs: She still does live by olden-days time—she's cook the peas and rice right in the yard (Long). (Black) ...
live (doing)
[cf. Sp, vivo cantando (lit. I-live singing) I'm always singing] v. phr. to do continuously or habitually; always do: We live hearing this saying (COB). ...
live-forever
(cf. LEAF-OF-LIFE, LIFE-LEAF n. a medicinal plant, Bryophyllum pinnatum: 1905 (Shattuck 207). 1978 (Higgs 7.). = PLOPPERS, PORPUS ...
live good
[Car.] v. phr. to get along well: Dey living good, like breda (Nassau). (Gen.) ...
live story
/layv stowri/ [W Car.] n. an eyewitness account. (Black) ...
lizard
[from shape] n. penis (youth slang). cf. SLING YOUR LIZARD (Exuma, Eleu)
...
Lizzie potato
n. a variety of sweet potato: 1977 I helped to plant sweet potatoes. The "Lizzie" potato was known to grow quickly (Albury 27). ...
loaded down
adj. pregnant. cf. HEAVY DOWN (Black) ...
loaden
[OED idem, obs. except dial.; US dial. idem ADD] v. to load: They loaden the boat now (Eleu.). ...
loaf off
[from loaf n.] v. phr. to separate (bread dough) into loaves: You knead you bread, let it rise a little bit, then loaf it off ...
lobo
/lówbow/ [cf. Sp. lobo del mar or lobo marino (lit. sea wolf) seal] n. the West Indian monk seal, Monachus tropicalis, now extinct: 1978 He ...
lobster
[cf. OED lob something pendulous, a lump dial.] n. dried nasal mucus. (White) ...
local
[probably from expatriate use of local, perhaps influenced by low] adj. 1. humble, lowly : My supervisor never thought that a job was too local ...
lock
[cf. Krio lok baffled, unable to reply (Hancock p.c.); from locked (in); cf. Haitian pran nan lak trapped HCEFD] adj. in a predicament: The woman ...
lodging
[cf. OED lodge a shed or out-house dial.] n. a shed where crops are stored. (Exuma, Mayag.) ...
loggerhead
[OED 1772 → but DJE 1707 →] n. a large, inedible sea turtle, Thalassochelys caretta: 1731 (Catesby II 38). (Gen.) ...
lolly
[cf. Trin. lolo penis (Winer); etym. uncertain, but cf. Krio tololi male genitals, from Limba (Hancock p.c.)] n. the female genitals (child's word). cf. LALA ...
long cord
n. the foot-long seed pods of certain native trees. (White) ...
long dollars
[cf. US Black money ain't long enough money isn't sufficient (Folb); cf. LONG 2] n. a great deal of money: You got to have long ...
long gaulin
[also Vir. (Highfield), DJE, "evid. transf. from the name of the bird gaulin (heron)"] n. a tall, thin person: You nothin' but a long gaulin ...
long-leg
[OED different sp.] n. type of large mosquito, especially the male: 1817 Long legs, moquitoes, and sand flies (Dowson 99). (Exuma, Eleu.) ...
long out
[W Car.; cf. loll idem (Parsons 1918: 94)] v. phr. to extend (the tongue): 1966 B' Snake started longing out he tongue at B'Rabby (Crowley ...
long-tail crow
[DJE idem] n. the smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani, a black bird related to the cuckoo: 1972 (Paterson 94). = (BLACK) CROW, BLACK BIRD, BLACK DAW, ...
long-tail dove
[cf. DJE long-tailed pea-dove idem] n. the mourning dove, Zenaida macroura: 1972 (Paterson 85). (Inagua, White) ...
long time
[Car.] adv. phr. a long time ago; for a long time: 1966 I been want somebody eat B' Booky long time (Crowley 56). 1977 I ...
long-time friends
[cf. Cam. long-taym ancient CCD] n. friends of long standing; old friends: She tell me everything -- me and her is long-time friends (Nassau). (Gen.) ...
Long Tom
[cf. LONG 1 tall] n. a tree, Citharexylum fruticosm: 1920 (Britton 371). ...
long years ago
[cf. LONG 2; OED long years many years (rhetorical)] adv. phr. many years ago: Long Cay used to name Fortune Island long years ago (Crooked). ...
look
[Atlantic; OED idem obs. → 1560; Brit. dial. Mid. idem EDD] v.t. to look at; examine: 1918 She look the old woman head and caught ...
looka
[cf. OED look used to bespeak attention ... in modern colloq. use often look you (in representations of vulgar speech written look'ee); cf. US dial. ...
loose
v. 1. [Atlantic; OED idem cast loose nautical, unfasten dial.; also Scots EDD] to let loose: 1918 B'o' Boukee loosed him (Parsons 16). (Black)
2. [by ...
loose stomach
[cf. Sra. loesbere diarrhoea WST; cf. OED loose of the bowels: relaxed] n. diarrhea. cf. TIGHT BOWELS (Exuma, Eleu.) ...
Lordy!
[also US Black ESEA; OED, US ... also Lordy massy (i.e., Lord have mercy)] intj. an exclamation of pain (used especially by children). (Black) ...
loss
[Atlantic; cf. dial. loss lose in Brit. EDD, US South ADD] v. to lose: Not lossing the child's confidence (COB). (Black) ...
loss his nature
[Trin. idem (Winer p.c.); cf. NATURE sexual drive; cf. US dial. South take his nature to unsex an animal DARE] v. phr. to become impotent: ...
lot
[cf. OED lot upon to count on reckon upon obs. → 1662; now US dial. North ADD] v. to plan or expect: 1977 I lotted ...
loud-mouth
/lawd mawt/ [OED, adj. noisy obs. → 1668] adv. loudly: 1936 I run over t' de telefome box an' start ... tawkin loud mout (Dupuch ...
love vine, love wine
[Trin. idem (Winder p.c.); probably from its use in an infusion "against sex weakness" (Higgs 1978: 14), but cf. US dial. South "love-wine: a yellowish, ...
loving bird
n. the humming bird: 1918 Come a lovin' bird now, which you call hummin' bird (Parsons 112). = DOCTOR BIRD, GOD BIRD, HUMMER (San Sal.) ...
low
adj. 1. [cf. OED, abject, base]
in the
phrase you
(stoopin') low to make known the good deeds done for another in order to
humiliate him. cf. THROW
LOWNESS ...
lowance
/láwans/ [OED idem, now dial.; the aphetic form of allowance]
n. giving one's opponent another chance in playing marbles, ROUNDANCE, etc.
(Gen.) ...
low blood
[by shortening]
n. low blood pressure: Doctor
say I have low blood (Nassau). cf. HIGH
BLOOD (Gen.) ...
low bush land
[cf. BUSH] n. scrubland. cf. HIGH BUSH (Gen.) ...
low 'fro
[cf. LOW adj. 2; cf. US Black (A)fro a natural hair style ... long, wolly (Major)] n. a short Afro hairdo. (Black) ...
Lucaik Islands
[probably from LUCAYA + -ic (cf. Icelandic) but cf. LUCAYONEQUE ] n., Obs. former name for the Bahamas: 1644 Lucaik
Islands, so near one another, as ...
Lucayan, Lucayon
/luwkáyan/
[from Lucayan
lukku-cairi island people (Craton 1962:18); cf. Arawakan lóko person, acáera island, cay (Taylor 1977:20 and p.c.)] n. the
Lucayan Indians, an Arawakan-speaking people who inhabited ...
Lucaya(s), Lucayo(es)
[cf. LUCAYAN and current
Sp. Islas Lucayas and Fr. Lucayes
the Bahamas] n. Obs. 1. former name of the Bahamas: 1601 They dressed a ship to cross ...
Lucayoneque, Lucaioneque
[probably a blend of Lucayon and Sp. yucayeque (Indian) village by a 16th century Antillean Sp. shift from /l/ to /y/ (Álvarez Nazario 1977: 46, ...
luck seed, lucky nut
[cf. Trin. lucky nut (Winer p.c.), US Black lucky bean (Dillard 1977:126)] n. the seeds of a shrub, picked and kept for luck: 1920 luck ...
luggages
n. pl. pieces of luggage. cf. BAGGAGES (Exuma) ...
luggy
[ cf. Belize lógi sluggish (Dayley);
cf. OED lugging idem, Scots luggie idem EDD] adj. gorged; lazy: I shouldn't have eaten that pie; now
I feel luggy ...
lulling time
[cf. OED lull a brief period of intermission or quiescence in a storm; also fig.] n. a time without activity. (Nassau) ...
lunch bus
n. a van selling cakes, drinks, chicken, fish, etc. = FOOD WAGON (Nassau) ...
Lutra
(from Eleuthera
by aphesis] n. or adj.
(pertaining to) Eleuthera: Lútra style fish. (Black)
◊ The pronunciation /lúwtra/ is thought of as typical of
other islanders by Eleutherans, who ...
lye barrel
[cf. LYE WATER] n. a barrel for ashes: 1976 A "lye barrel" was. . . water tight, half-filled with water. Into this barrel was
thrown the ...
lye water
[cf.
OED lye alkalized
water, primarily that made by the lixiviation of vegeable ashes ... also water of lye (obs.)]
n. 1. water from a LYE BARREL: 1977 ...